In order to study the dynamic characteristics of solid waste backfill doped with rubber under impact load,the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system was used to study the influence of different impact velocities and different rubber particle sizes on the dynamic compressive strength,energy evolution and failure modes of the backfill. The results show that the deformation and failure of the backfill have roughly gone through four stages:initial compaction,linear elastic deforma-tion,plastic yield failure and post-peak rupture instability. The dynamic compressive strength of the rubber backfill increases with the increase of impact velocity of the bullet,and increases with the decrease of rubber particle size. The absorption energy of rubber backfill increases with the increase of incident energy,and increases with the decrease of rubber particle size. With the increase of impact velocity,the sample begin to peel off from the edge,and the shape of peeling body is a cracked layer structure and a conical structure. ANSYS/LS-DYNA simulation is used to analyze the failure mode of rubber backfill,and the failure mode and dynamic crushing process of rubber backfill in numerical simulation are in good agreement with the laborato-ry experiment. The research results can provide a reference for underground rubber filling and saving filling costs.