Glaucoma is a class of eye diseases characterized by characteristic optic nerve damage and visual field defects,primarily resulting from injury to retinal ganglion cell(RGC).The primary site of origin for primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma is the trabecular meshwork,and mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress is crucial in the damage of RGC in glaucoma patients and the death of human trabecular meshwork cells(HTMC).This article provides a comprehensive review of mitochondrial genetic changes in glaucoma patients,the mito-chondrial oxidative stress mechanisms in HTMC and RGC,the mechanisms through which Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine treats glaucoma via the oxidative stress pathway,and the relationship be-tween mitochondrial autophagy and glaucoma.By understanding the molecular mechanisms medi-ated by mitochondria,this review aims to shed light on the pathological mechanisms of glaucoma and provide directions for developing new medicine targets for glaucoma.
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