Analysis of Visual Impairment and Myopia Among Primary School Students in a Dis-trict of Beijing from 2021 to 2023
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and severity of visual impairment and myopia among primary school students in a district of Beijing,providing evidence to inform the development of preventive measures for myopia in children and adolescents.METHODS A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select students from four primary schools in the district from 2021 to 2023.All students from grades one to six in each class were included as sampling units,with 2,102,2,082,and 2,012 students sampled in 2021,2022,and 2023,respectively,totaling 6,196 participants.Uncorrected distance visual acuity and refractive errors were assessed annually in September for three consecutive years.The severity of visual impairment and myopia was compared across different years,genders,and grade levels.RESULTS(1)Overall Comparison:The myopia prevalence in 2023 was significantly lower than in 2021 and 2022(χ22021=7.971,χ22022=7.787,both P=0.005).No significant difference in myopia rate was observed between 2021 and 2022(P>0.05).Boys had a lower visual impairment rate(VIR)and myopia rate(MR)than girls,with statistically significant differences(χ2VIR=16.412,P=0.001;χ2MR=5.057,P=0.025).Visual impairment and myopia rates increased significantly with advancing grade level(χ2VIR=591.320,χ2MR=1,183.097,both P=0.000).(2)Comparison of Visual Impairment Severity:The rate of mild visual impairment in 2023 was higher than in 2021 and 2022(χ22021=9.081,P=0.003;χ22022=20.907,P=0.000).The mild visual impairment rate was higher in girls than in boys,with a statistically significant difference(χ2=12.000,P=0.001).Comparisons of mild,moderate,and severe visual impairment rates across grades 1 to 6 showed significant differences(χ2mild=47.654,χ2moderate=84.129,χ2severe=774.793,all P=0.000),with a trend of decreasing mild visual impairment and increasing moderate and severe visual impairment with grade level.(3)Comparison of Myopia Severity:The rate of low myopia in 2023 was significantly lower than in 2021 and 2022(χ22021=6.471,P=0.011;χ22022=8.035,P=0.005).Girls had a higher rate of low myopia than boys,with a statistically significant difference(χ2=5.073,P=0.024).Comparisons of low,moderate,and high myopia rates across grades 1 to 6 showed significant differences(χ2low=492.860,χ2moderate=553.518,χ2high=82.621,all P=0.000),with an increase in low,moderate,and high myopia rates as grade level increased,with low myopia being predominant in all grades from 1 to 6.CONCLUSIONS The rates of visual impairment and myopia among primary school students in a district of Beijing remain high.However,due to increased attention from relevant authorities and the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic,the myopia rate among students decreased in 2023.
visual impairmentmyopiaprimary school studentsBeijing
万方数据
维普
