摘要
冶金和机械制造业的职业伤害事故发生率居高不下,其不仅影响劳动者的人身安全及健康,而且给企业和家庭亦带来沉重的经济负担.冶金和机械制造业的职业伤害事故发生原因包括人为因素、机器因素、建筑物因素、原料因素、环境因素和管理因素6个方面;不同行业的职业伤害事故类型与损伤部位因职业的性质和工作环境等不同而存在差异.职业伤害事故的发生具有突发性和可预防性.目前国内外较为全面的职业伤害事故干预措施包括安全教育、改善作业环境、优化建筑设施布局和提高安全管理能力等.有效可行的职业伤害事故干预措施应结合各行业的职业伤害事故特点和发生原因,同时针对劳动者、机器、建筑物、原料、环境和管理实施相应的干预措施.
Abstract
The incidence of occupational injury accidents in the metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing industries remains high,posing risks not only to the safety and health of workers but also causing heavy economic burdens to enterprises and families.The occupational injury accidents in metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing industries were caused by the following six items:human factors,machine factors,building factors,raw material factors,environmental factors,and management factors.The types and body parts of occupational injury accidents varied among different industries due to the nature of the occupation and working environment.Occupational injury accidents were both sudden and preventable.Currently,comprehensive intervention measures for occupational injury accidents at China and abroad included safety education,improving work environments,optimizing building layout and facilities,and enhancing safety management capabilities.Effective and feasible intervention measures for occupational injury accidents should be based on the characteristics and causes of occupational injury accidents in each industry,and should include corresponding interventions for workers,machines,buildings,raw materials,environment,and management.
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