摘要
目的 探讨加班对汽车制造业男性员工工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的影响.方法 采用判断抽样法,选择某汽车制造厂工龄≥1年的1 731名男性员工为研究对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》调查其肌肉骨骼疾患情况.将研究对象分为对照组和加班组,采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)法按1:1比例对2组人群进行匹配,成功匹配573对;比较2组人群身体各部位WMSDs患病率.结果 研究对象加班率为34.2％,WMSDs患病率为57.1％.加班使研究对象颈部、肩部、上背部、下背部、踝/足部和全身罹患WMSDs的风险增加(P值均＜0.05),相应的比值比及其95％置信区间分别为1.43(1.10～1.85)、1.38(1.06～1.80)、1.42(1.07～1.89)、1.28(1.01～1.62)、1.37(1.01～1.87)和 1.49(1.17～1.89),而加班与研究对象罹患肘部、手/腕部、髋部、膝部WMSDs的风险无关联(P值均＞0.05).结论 加班使汽车制造业男性员工颈部、肩部、上背部、下背部、踝/足部和全身罹患WMSDs的风险增加.企业应改善劳动组织、减少加班,以保护劳动者健康.
Abstract
Objective To explore the impact of overtime work on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in male employees in the automobile manufacturing industry.Methods A total of 1 731 male employees with more than one year of working experience from an automobile manufacturing industry were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method.The Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder.Employees were divided into control group and overtime group,and a 1:1 matching was performed using propensity score matching method,and 573 pairs were successfully matched.The prevalence of WMSDs in various body parts was compared between the two groups.Results The overtime working rate of the research subjects was 34.2％,and the prevalence of WMSDs was 57.1％.Overtime work increased the risk of WMSDs in the neck,shoulders,upper back,lower back,ankle/feet,and overall body of the workers(all P＜0.05),with the odd ratio and 95％confidence interval of 1.43(1.10-1.85),1.38(1.06-1.80),1.42(1.07-1.89),1.28(1.01-1.62),1.37(1.01-1.87),and 1.49(1.17-1.89),respectively.However,there was no association between overtime work and the risk of WMSDs in the elbows,hands/wrists,hips,and knees of the subjects(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Overtime work increases the risk of WMSDs in the neck,shoulders,upper back,lower back,ankles/feet,and overall body of male employees in the automobile manufacturing industry.Enterprises should improve labor organization,reduce overtime work,and protect the health of workers.
基金项目
湖北省卫生健康委员会科研项目(WJ2021F057)
武汉科技大学职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室项目(OHIC2022Y08)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据