Research on work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their ergonomic standards for prevention and control
The prevention and treatment of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs)is one of the challenges facing occupational health work in the new era.WMSDs is a common disease that affects the health of the occupational population and is typically characterized by pain and limited mobility.WMSDs can occur in a specific part of the body or in multiple parts of the body.It can not only cause tissue changes,but also may cause changes in other surrounding tissues.Exposure to various ergonomic risk factors is an occupational characteristic of WMSDs.WMSDs causes a huge disease burden for both workers and employers.The prevention and control of WMSDs follow the basic principles of occupational hazard control,including engineering control,administrative control and operation control,and individual protection.The International Organization for Standardization(ISO),the U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration,and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists have all issued a large number of ergonomics standards for the prevention and control of WMSDs.Some ISO standards have been adopted as equivalent in China.To prevent health hazards caused by ergonomic hazard factors,China has issued nearly 80 recommended ergonomics standards.The International Labor Organization and some countries or regions have included WMSDs in the management of occupational diseases.The occupational diseases currently included in China's occupational disease list are occupational hand-arm vibration disease,bursitis(limited to underground work),and femoral venous thrombosis syndrome,femoral artery occlusion or lymphatic vessel occlusion(limited to grinders).Compared with other countries,there are still gaps in the ergonomic prevention and control standard of WMSDs,the occupational disease list management and diagnosis standard of WMSDs in China.There are still limitations such as the lack of unique criteria for causality,the inability to achieve blind observation of workers,the vulnerability of existing observation methods to bias,and the difficulty of adapting traditional occupational exposure and disease model framework to WMSDs.In the future,we can adjust the conventional epidemiological research forms for the prevention of MSDs,apply wearable equipment and visualization equipment,and combine the advantages of relevant information platforms,so as to study the interaction between new technologies and the environment from the perspective of new occupational exposure and clinical evaluation,and prevent and control WMSDs.
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