Anthraquinones from the Roots of Knoxia valerianoides
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Knoxia valerianoides and their biological activities. Method: The anthraquinones were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chro-matography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the isolates were identified by their physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR and MS. Antioxidant, anti-HIV, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic activities were screened by using cell-based models. Result: Twenty-two constituents were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the roots of K. Valerianoides. Their structures were identified as nordamnacanthal(1) , ibericin(2) , rubiadin(3) , damnacanthol(4) , 2-ethoxy-methylknoxiavaledin(5) , 3-hydroxymorindone(6) , knoxiadin(7) , 2-formyl knoxiavaledin(8) , lucidin(9) , xanthopurpurin(10) , 1 , 3-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9, 10- anthraquinone(ll) , lucidin(-methyl ether(12) , digiferruginol(13) , 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-9, 10-anthra-quinone(14), rubiadin-1-methyl ether ( 15) , 6-methoxylucidin (-ethyl ether (16), 1,3, 6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9, 10-anthraquinone (17), 1, 3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxy methyl-6-methoxy-9, 10-anthraquinone(18) , 1,3, 6-trihydroxy-2-methoxymethyl-9, 10- anthraqui-none(19) , 3, 6-dihydroxy-2- hydroxymethyl-9, 10-anthraquinone(20) , and 1, 6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-9, 10-anthra quinone(21). In the in vitro assays, at a concentration of 1 x 10 ~5 mol · L-1 , no compounds were active against human cancer cell lines ( HCT-8, Bel7402, BGC-823, A549, and A2780) , deserum and glutamate induced PC12-syn cell damage, LPS induced NO production in mac-rophage, Fe + -cystine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, HIV-1 replication, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Conclusion; Compounds 9-21 were obtained from the roots of K. Valerianoides for the first time.
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