Effect of Naotaifang on microglial polarization and glial scar following cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
This study aims to investigate the effect of Naotaifang(NTF)on the proteins associated with microglial polarization and glial scar in the rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI).The CIRI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion.The 48 successfully modeled rats were randomized into model 7 d,model 14 d,NTF 7 d,and NTF 14 d groups(n=12).In addition,12 SD rats were selected as the sham group.The NTF group was administrated with NTF suspension at 27 g· kg 1·d-1 by gavage,and the sham,model 7 d,and model 14 d groups were administrated with the same volume of normal saline every day by gavage for 7 and 14 days,respectively.After the intervention,Longa score was evaluated.The infarct volume was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.Morris water maze and open field tests were carried out to evaluate the spatial learning,memory,cognitive function,and anxiety degree of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was employed to observe the mor-phological structure and damage of the brain tissue.The immunofluorescence assay was employed to measure the expression of glial fi-brillary acidic protein(GFAP)and glial scar.Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of GFAP,neurocan,phos-phacan,CD206,arginase-1(Arg-1),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and IL-4.Compared with the sham,model 7 d and model 14 d groups showed cerebral infarction of different degrees,severe pathological injury of cerebral cortex and hippocampus,neurological im-pairment,reduced spatial learning and memory,cognitive dysfunction,severe anxiety,astrocyte hyperplasia,thickening penumbra glial scar,and up-regulated protein levels of IL-1β,IL-6,GFAP,neurocan,phosphacan,CD206,and Arg-1(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,NTF 7 d and NTF 14 d groups improved spatial learning,memory,and cognitive function,reduced anxiety,im-proved nerve function,reduced cerebral infarction volume,reduced astrocyte hyperplasia,thinned penumbra glial scar,down-regulated the protein levels of GFAP,neurocan,phosphacan,IL-6,and IL-1β,and up-regulated the protein levels of IL-4,CD206,and Arg-1(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).NTF exerts a neuroprotective effect on CIRI by inducing the M2 polarization of microglia,inhibiting inflamma-tory response,and reducing the formation of glial scar.
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