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基于化学特征的中药鉴定技术进展及趋势

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品种鉴定是保障中药质量的前提和基础。新形势下,由于安全风险、法律风险、监管态势等方面因素,中药品种问题的重要性更加凸显。随着中药材产业化,野生药材向栽培、养殖转型过程中,新的中药品种问题不断涌现,同时,面对新形势下中药质量全过程控制的现实要求,当前中药鉴定技术面临严峻的挑战。根据中药鉴定技术的现状与演化趋势,化学成分作为中药药效物质基础,不仅有着十分丰富的特征,而且能够贯穿中药质量形成和传递的全过程,围绕其展开鉴定,是实现中药品质一体化和全过程质量控制的必由之路。随着大量现代分析仪器的引入,中药化学信息获取的广度和效率都大为提升;大数据和人工智能技术的引入,为深入阐释中药化学特征信息的科学内涵、实现基于化学特征的中药鉴定提供了新的契机。通过采集大量样本全面的化学量化信息,利用人工智能技术抽提出高维的化学信息规律,去除各项噪音信息的干扰,发现决定品种的"化学特征"(成分、量值以及成分间的相对比例关系等),进而基于化学特征实现中药品质一体化鉴定,反映中药质量传递过程并实现质量信息溯源,为构建中药全过程质量控制体系提供关键支撑。
Progress and trend of identification of traditional Chinese medicine based on chemical features
Variety identification is the prerequisite and foundation for ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.The safety risks,legal risks,and regulatory trends underline the importance of traditional Chinese medicine varieties.With the industriali-zation of traditional Chinese medicine and the production of Chinese medicinal materials from wild growing to cultivation and breeding,new varieties of traditional Chinese medicine keep emerging.At the same time,facing the requirements of the entire process control of traditional Chinese medicine quality under the new situation,the current identification technology of traditional Chinese medicine is fa-cing severe challenges.According to the current situation and evolution trend of technologies for traditional Chinese medicine identifica-tion,chemical components as the material basis for the effects of traditional Chinese medicine not only have rich characteristics but also can run through the entire quality formation and transmission process of traditional Chinese medicine.Identifying traditional Chinese medicine based on chemical components is the only way to achieve integrated medicine quality and whole-process quality control.The introduction of modern analytical instruments improves the scope and efficiency of obtaining chemical information of traditional Chinese medicine.Big data and artificial intelligence provide new opportunities for deeply interpreting the scientific connotation of chemical characteristic information of traditional Chinese medicine and comprehensively identifying traditional Chinese medicine based on chemi-cal characteristics.Artificial intelligence can be employed to extract high-dimensional chemical information patterns from comprehensive chemical quantitative information collected from a large number of samples,remove the interference of noise information,and discover the chemical characteristics(components,quantity values,and relative proportions of components)that determine the variety.This approach can help to achieve integrated quality identification based on chemical characteristics,reflect the quality transmission process of traditional Chinese medicine,and achieve quality information traceability,providing support for building a whole-process quality con-trol system of traditional Chinese medicine.

traditional Chinese medicineChinese medicinal materialschemical identificationquality control

王锦轩、姚霞、李耿

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江西中医药大学院士工作站,江西南昌 330004

中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京 100193

中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京 100700

中药 中药材 化学鉴定 质量控制

国家自然科学基金项目中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目

82274058CI2023C005YG

2024

中国中药杂志
中国药学会

中国中药杂志

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.718
ISSN:1001-5302
年,卷(期):2024.49(17)