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古代木瓜道地产区考证:基于本草和方志文献史料

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木瓜,为常用中药材,具有舒筋活络、和胃化湿的功效。始载于南北朝时期的《名医别录》,其栽培历史可以追溯到宋代《本草图经》。现代多从本草著作考证木瓜产区情况,鲜有从方志文献出发对木瓜产地及道地产区进行研究。该文系统查阅历代本草著作和方志等文献史料,结合现代木瓜产区分布,对文献史料中木瓜的道地产区进行考证,旨在厘清木瓜道地产区的变迁情况。自宋至清代,基本上所有本草著作均记载木瓜的道地产区为安徽省宣城市,而方志史料表明浙江省从唐至清代也一直为木瓜的道地产区。综合查阅各类文献史料表明唐代浙江省和湖南省为木瓜的道地产区,宋代浙江省和安徽省为木瓜的道地产区,明代浙江省、湖南省和安徽省为木瓜的道地产区,清代浙江省和安徽省为木瓜的道地产区,民国及以后时期安徽省、浙江省和湖北省为木瓜的道地产区。木瓜自古以来道地产区虽存在变迁,但浙江省与安徽省分别自唐代与宋代以来就是木瓜的道地产区。该文通过方志史料有效补充了本草著作中的缺漏,为进一步研究木瓜的产区和道地产区提供方志方面的史料证据。
Textual research on ancient geo-authentic producing areas of Chaenomeles speciosa based on literature and historical records from materia medica and local chronicles
Chaenomeles speciosa,a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)material,has the effects of stimulating the circulation of the blood and causing the muscles and joints to relax,as well as harmonizing the stomach and resolving dampness.It was first recorded in the Ming Yi Bie Lu during the Northern and Southern Dynasties,and its cultivation history can be traced back to the Bencao Tujing in the Song Dynasty.Modern research mainly focuses on the producing areas of Ch.speciosa based on the textual research of materia medica works,and there are few studies on the producing areas and geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa based on local chronicles.This paper systematically referred to literature and historical records from materia medica and local chronicles.Combined with the modern distribution of producing areas,the paper conducted textual research on the geo-authentic producing area of Ch.speciosa in literature and historical records,so as to clarify the changes in the geo-authentic producing area of Ch.speciosa.From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,basically all materia medica works have recorded that the geo-authentic producing area of Ch.speciosa was Xuancheng City,Anhui province,while local chronicles showed that Zhejiang province had been the geo-authentic producing area of Ch.speciosa from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.A comprehensive review of the literature and historical records indicated that Zhejiang province and Hunan province were the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa during the Tang Dynasty,while Zhejiang province and Anhui province were the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa during the Song Dynasty.In addition,Zhejiang province,Hunan province,and Anhui province were the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa during the Ming Dynasty,and Zhejiang province and Anhui province were the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa during the Qing Dynasty.Anhui province,Zhejiang province,and Hubei province were the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa during the Republic of China and later periods.There have been changes in the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa since ancient times.Zhejiang province and Anhui province have been the geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa since the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty,respectively.This paper effectively supplemented the omissions in materia medica works through historical records from local chronicles,providing historical evidence from local chronicles for further research on the producing areas and geo-authentic producing areas of Ch.speciosa.

Chaenomeles speciosageo-authentic producing areastextual research on materia medica workslocal chronicle

任澳雨、彭华胜

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安徽中医药大学 药学院,安徽 合肥 230012

中国中医科学院 中药资源中心 道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京 100700

中医药文物研究国家文物局重点科研基地(中国中医科学院 中药研究所),北京 100700

木瓜 道地产区 本草考证 方志

国家重点研发计划项目中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目

2022YFC3500903CI2023E002

2024

中国中药杂志
中国药学会

中国中药杂志

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.718
ISSN:1001-5302
年,卷(期):2024.49(19)