摘要
民族药桑黄为桑黄孔菌属真菌的干燥子实体,在中国及日本、韩国等具有悠久的药用历史.桑黄富含多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类、多酚类等活性物质,可发挥抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、保肝、抗炎、抑菌、缓解痛风等多种活性,在医药、食品领域具有广阔的应用和开发前景,但野生桑黄资源稀缺、人工栽培的桑黄基原多样、有关桑黄的地方标准不统一、桑黄菌丝体的开发相对滞后等问题的存在,在一定程度上限制了桑黄资源的持续开发.基于此,该文针对桑黄资源现状、化学成分、生物活性、桑黄发酵工艺及其过程调控等相关研究进行综述,以期为桑黄资源的可持续利用提供参考.
Abstract
Sanghuang,a famous ethnomedicine widely used in China,Japan,Korea and other countries for a long history,is produced from the dried fruiting bodies of the medical fungi belonging to Sanghuangporus.With abundant bioactive natural chemicals including polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids,and polyphenols,Sanghuang exhibits anticancer,antioxidant,blood glucose-and lipid-lowering,liver protecting,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and gout symptom-relieving effects,thus demonstrating broad application and development prospects in the pharmaceutical and food fields.However,the sustainable development of Sanghuang resources is limited by the scarce stock of wild resources,the diverse original fungi of cultivated Sanghuang,the inconsistency of local standards of Sanghuang materials or products,and the lagging application of Sanghuangporus mycelia.In view of the shortages mentioned above,this article reviews the research progress in the current situation of Sanghuang resources,the chemical composition,bioactivities,and fermentation process regulation of Sanghuangporus strains,and the related biosynthesis regulating strategies for enhancing the production of bioactive metabolites.This review is expected to provide comprehensive information for the sustainable development and utilization of Sanghuang resources.
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