Impact of the LAmbre device on left atrial appendage adjacent structures and left atrium
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目的 应用实时三维经食管超声心动图(3D TEE)通过半自动化定量分析以探讨左心耳封堵术(LAAC)对非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者二尖瓣环及左心房结构和功能的影响。 方法 回顾性纳入2019年6月至2023年3月在复旦大学附属中山医院成功植入LAmbre封堵器的56例连续NVAF患者，所有患者均不伴有或伴有中度及以下二尖瓣反流(MR)，收集并记录所有患者的临床基线数据、术前及术后3个月随访的二维及3D TEE图像，应用飞利浦QLab软件离线分析，其中MVA模式将整个心动周期设定为7个时间点，即舒张早期、舒张中期、舒张晚期、二尖瓣关闭期、收缩早期、收缩中期和收缩晚期以建立二尖瓣环动态模型，描述术前、术后二尖瓣环的几何形态和动力学变化。 结果 LAAC术后，心动周期各个时间点的二尖瓣环前后径(APD)、瓣环前外侧至后内侧直径(ALPMD)、三维瓣环周长(3DAC)、三维瓣环面积(3DAA)均明显减少(P<0.05)，二尖瓣环的非平面角(NPA)和高度/联合间径比值(AH/CD)无明显变化(均P>0.05)。整个心动周期，术前术后二尖瓣环均呈规律性变化，即收缩期舒张增大，鞍状形态变浅，舒张期收缩减小，鞍状形态加深。收缩期二尖瓣环的APD变化率增加[术前(3.01±2.64)%,术后(3.81±3.51)%，P＝0.037]，ALPMD、3DAC和3DAA的变化率差异无统计学意义。术后MR程度无明显改善。同时，术后左心房最小容积(左心房Vmin)显著减小[术前(78.36±25.16)ml ，术后(70.73±22.78)ml，P＝0.004]，左房射血功能显著提高[术前(22.88±10.09)%,术后(31.41±12.28)%，P<0.005]。 结论 3D TEE能够准确评估LAmbre封堵器对二尖瓣环和左房的影响；LAmbre封堵器能影响二尖瓣环的几何形态，但对二尖瓣环的动力学和功能无明显影响；同时，LAmbre封堵器能影响左心房的结构并改善左房的功能。 Objective To explore the effects of the LAmbre device and mitral annulus(MA), as well as left atrium(LA) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF) after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) using real-time-three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE). Methods Fity-six consecutive patients who underwent LAAC with the LAmbre device in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from June 2019 to March 2023 were retrospectively enrolled, with no or less than moderate mitral regurgitation (MR). All patients underwent pre-operative and follow-up two-and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE, 3D TEE) at 60 days after the operation. The quantitative parameters of MA and LA were obtained by offline analysis using QLab 13.0 (Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA). Importantly, mitral annular measurements were made at seven time points throughout the cardiac cycle: early diastole, mid-diastole, late diastole, mitral valve closure, early systole, mid-systole, and late systole, which facilitates constructing the dynamic model of MA to assess the annular morphology and dynamics. Results The values of AP diameter (APD), AL-PM diameter (ALPMD), 3D annulus circumference (3DAC), 3D annulus area (3DAA) decreased significantly compared with pre-operative values at all time points of the cardiac cycle (all P<0.05), while non-planar angle (NPA) and AH/CD were not apparently changed (allP>0.05 ). Throughout the cardiac cycle, MA showed regular changes, gradually increased in systole with the saddle shape deepened, and gradually decreased in diastole with the saddle shape shallowed.During systole, there was an increase in the rate of change of AP in MA [pre-operative (3.01±2.64)%, post-operative (3.81±3.51)%,P=0.037] after LAAC, with no significant difference in the rate of change of ALPM, 3DAC, and 3DAA.Meanwhile, we observed an evident reduction in LA minimal volume (LAVmin) [pre-operative (78.36±25.16)ml, post-operative (70.73±22.78)ml, P=0.004] and an obvious increase in LA ejection function [pre-operative (22.88±10.09)%, post-operative (31.41±12.28)%, P<0.05] during follow-up. Conclusions 3D TEE can accurately assess the impact of LAAC on the MA and LA. The LAmbre device can affect the morphology of MA, as well as the structure and function of LA, while the change of the dynamics of MA is not so prominent.
Objective To explore the effects of the LAmbre device and mitral annulus(MA), as well as left atrium(LA) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF) after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) using real-time-three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE). Methods Fity-six consecutive patients who underwent LAAC with the LAmbre device in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from June 2019 to March 2023 were retrospectively enrolled, with no or less than moderate mitral regurgitation (MR). All patients underwent pre-operative and follow-up two-and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE, 3D TEE) at 60 days after the operation. The quantitative parameters of MA and LA were obtained by offline analysis using QLab 13.0 (Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA). Importantly, mitral annular measurements were made at seven time points throughout the cardiac cycle: early diastole, mid-diastole, late diastole, mitral valve closure, early systole, mid-systole, and late systole, which facilitates constructing the dynamic model of MA to assess the annular morphology and dynamics. Results The values of AP diameter (APD), AL-PM diameter (ALPMD), 3D annulus circumference (3DAC), 3D annulus area (3DAA) decreased significantly compared with pre-operative values at all time points of the cardiac cycle (all P<0.05), while non-planar angle (NPA) and AH/CD were not apparently changed (allP>0.05 ). Throughout the cardiac cycle, MA showed regular changes, gradually increased in systole with the saddle shape deepened, and gradually decreased in diastole with the saddle shape shallowed.During systole, there was an increase in the rate of change of AP in MA [pre-operative (3.01±2.64)%, post-operative (3.81±3.51)%,P=0.037] after LAAC, with no significant difference in the rate of change of ALPM, 3DAC, and 3DAA.Meanwhile, we observed an evident reduction in LA minimal volume (LAVmin) [pre-operative (78.36±25.16)ml, post-operative (70.73±22.78)ml, P=0.004] and an obvious increase in LA ejection function [pre-operative (22.88±10.09)%, post-operative (31.41±12.28)%, P<0.05] during follow-up. Conclusions 3D TEE can accurately assess the impact of LAAC on the MA and LA. The LAmbre device can affect the morphology of MA, as well as the structure and function of LA, while the change of the dynamics of MA is not so prominent.
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