骨代谢包括骨形成和骨吸收两个过程，两者维持体内骨代谢稳态。脂肪棕色化是将体内储存能量的白色脂肪转化为产热的棕色脂肪的生物学过程，受环境、运动、营养素及信号分子诱导。脂肪棕色化能调节体内骨代谢，通过分泌脂肪因子，如成纤维生长因子-21、脂联素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、骨形态发生蛋白等影响成骨、破骨能力。脂肪棕色化也可通过肠道微生物群介导，经免疫途径影响骨代谢。衰老机体脂肪棕色化能力降低，与骨质疏松状态下骨代谢失调有关；而儿童和青少年脂肪棕色化活跃，骨代谢维持健康状态。通过运动、补充营养素（辣椒素、白藜芦醇、槲皮素等）等方式可促进脂肪棕色化并维持棕色脂肪组织，对机体骨代谢起到积极作用。未来，明确脂肪棕色化与骨代谢之间具体的调节模式，对干预脂肪棕色化治疗骨代谢相关疾病具有重要意义。 Bone metabolism includes the processes of bone formation and bone resorption, both of which maintain bone metabolic homeostasis in the body. Adipose browning is a biological process that converts energy-storing white fat into thermogenic brown fat, which is induced by environment, exercise, nutrients, and signaling molecules. Adipose browning regulates bone metabolism in vivo and affects osteogenic and osteoblastic capacity through the secretion of adipokines such as fibroblast growth factor-21, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Adipose browning can also affect bone metabolism through immune pathways mediated by the gut microbiota. The browning ability of fat decreases in the aging body, which is related to the imbalance of bone metabolism in the state of osteoporosis. In children and adolescents, fat browning is active and bone metabolism is maintained in a healthy state. Exercise and supplementation of nutrients (capsaicin, resveratrol, quercetin, etc.) can promote the browning of adipose tissue and maintain brown adipose tissue, which plays a positive role in bone metabolism. In the future, it is of great significance to clarify the specific regulatory mode between adipose browning and bone metabolism for the treatment of bone metabolism-related diseases by intervening adipose browning.
Abstract
Bone metabolism includes the processes of bone formation and bone resorption, both of which maintain bone metabolic homeostasis in the body. Adipose browning is a biological process that converts energy-storing white fat into thermogenic brown fat, which is induced by environment, exercise, nutrients, and signaling molecules. Adipose browning regulates bone metabolism in vivo and affects osteogenic and osteoblastic capacity through the secretion of adipokines such as fibroblast growth factor-21, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Adipose browning can also affect bone metabolism through immune pathways mediated by the gut microbiota. The browning ability of fat decreases in the aging body, which is related to the imbalance of bone metabolism in the state of osteoporosis. In children and adolescents, fat browning is active and bone metabolism is maintained in a healthy state. Exercise and supplementation of nutrients (capsaicin, resveratrol, quercetin, etc.) can promote the browning of adipose tissue and maintain brown adipose tissue, which plays a positive role in bone metabolism. In the future, it is of great significance to clarify the specific regulatory mode between adipose browning and bone metabolism for the treatment of bone metabolism-related diseases by intervening adipose browning.
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