摘要
智能化、精准化、微创化是未来脊柱外科发展的方向,也是社会发展对脊柱外科提出的要求,机器人辅助脊柱外科应运而生.现阶段脊柱机器人手术系统主要应用于辅助椎弓根螺钉的置入,应用场景单一.本文对脊柱机器人的历史和分类、优势和局限性、脊柱机器人辅助置钉的精准性和安全性、应用脊柱机器人的关键技术、X线辐射暴露、学习曲线和成本收益分析、脊柱机器人拓展应用和未来技术进行综述.未来机器人辅助自主置钉、椎板切除减压、肿瘤活组织检查及切除、对骨质疏松患者智能规划置钉、软组织识别和反馈及微创手术通道建立是对机器人辅助脊柱外科手术的更高要求.脊柱机器人的进一步发展能够在颈椎、脊柱骨盆固定、脊柱肿瘤、脊柱畸形手术等方面发挥其精准、稳定、微创的优势,同时提高手术效率和成本收益.
Abstract
Intelligence,precision,and minimally invasive are the directions for the future development of spinal surgery,as well as the requirements put forward by social development for spinal surgery.Robot-assisted spinal surgery came into being.At present,the spinal robot surgery system is mainly used to assist in the placement of pedicle screws.This article provides an overview of the history and classification,advantages and limitations,precision and safety of spinal robot assisted nail placement,key technologies for applying spinal robots,X-ray radiation exposure,learning curve and cost-benefit analysis,expanded applications of spinal robots,and future technologies.This review mainly introduces the current status of robot research and proposes the future development of spine robots.Robot assisted autonomous screw placement,laminectomy decompression,tumor biopsy and resection,intelligent planning of screw placement for osteoporosis patients,soft tissue recognition and feedback,and establishment of minimally invasive surgical channels are higher requirements for robot-assisted spinal surgery.The further development of spinal robot can play its advantages of precision,stability and minimally invasive in cervical vertebra,spinal pelvic fixation,spinal tumor,spinal deformity surgery,etc.,while improving surgical efficiency and cost benefit.
基金项目
云南省骨科与运动康复临床医学研究中心(202102AA310068)
昆明理工大学医学院科研发展基金(SRDP2023001)
云南省脊柱脊髓疾病临床医学中心(ZX2022000101)
维普
万方数据