Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is one of the severe complications of decompensated stage cirrhosis that causes cerebral dysfunction due to hepatic insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunts,and it usually manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma.The pathogenesis of HE is complex,although ammonia toxicity,oxidative stress,inflammation,intestinal dysbiosis,and others among them mainly play an important role.The treatment for HE lacks specific drugs,and the current available drugs include non-absorbable disaccharides(lactulose),antibiotics(rifaximin),and other therapies(oral branched-chain amino acids,intravenous injection of L-ornithine-L-aspartic acid,probiotics).Recent research has shown that human albumin is a safe and effective treatment for HE,improving not only cognitive function but also enhancing patients'quality of life.
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