Preliminary application study of digital technology for constructing three-dimensional facial symmetry reference planes in anterior dental esthetic restoration
Objective To explore the impact of digital technology in constructing a three-dimensional(3D)symmetry reference plane(SRP)for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth and to evaluate its clinical applicability.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2024,involving 20 patients[11 males and 9 females,aged(36.8±11.4)years]who underwent anterior esthetic restorations at the Department of Stomatology,People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Symmetrical reference planes of patients'3D facial models were constructed using three different algorithms:weighted Procrustes analysis(WPA),Procrustes analysis(PA)based on the ontology-mirror correlation method,and iterative closest point(ICP).The SRP defined by an associate chief physician served as the control(true-value group).The angular errors between each algorithm group and the true-value group were compared.The optimal algorithm was selected and combined with a three-dimensional digital smile design(DSD)to create virtual patients,followed by designing anterior restorations.The visual analogue scale(VAS)was used by patients to score the aesthetic restoration results of the conventional design(control group)and the algorithm-based design(algorithm group).Results The angular errors of the WPA,PA,and ICP groups were 1.43°±0.66°,1.82°±0.88°,and 4.74°±2.03° respectively,with statistically signifiicant differences among the groups(F=41.10,P＜0.001).Pairwise comparisons showed that the WPA group had significantly smaller angular errors compared to the PA and ICP groups(P＜0.05).The VAS scores for aesthetic restoration were significantly higher in the algorithm group(8.09±0.74)compared to the control group(6.30±1.38)(t=-5.49,P＜0.001).Conclusions The SRP constructed using the WPA algorithm demonstrated minimal angular error when compared to the expert-defined SRP and is considered the optimal choice in clinical practice,yielding high patient satisfaction.
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