Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in residents aged 40 years and above in Shijingshan district of Beijing
Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in residents aged 40 years and above in Shijingshan district of Beijing.Methods:The residents aged 40 years and above in 10 communities of Shijingshan district of Beijing were included by random sampling method from June to December 2019. Questionnaire survery, physical measurement, pulmonary function examination before and after bronchodilator treatment were conducted on all the subjects. COPD was diagnosed based on the 2020 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. The prevalence of COPD and related risk factors were investigated in those subjects.Results:A total of 4 096 participants had reliable post-bronchodilator results and were included in the final analysis, including 1 886 males (46.0%) and 2 210 females (54.0%). The overall prevalence of COPD was 10.2%, and it was higher in men (13.8%) than in women (7.1%). The prevalence of COPD increased with age. Among adults with COPD, 49.8% (95%) had moderate or severe disease (GOLD stageⅡ-Ⅳ), 37.5% reported that they had a previous pulmonary function test, and 12.5% knew their diagnosis of COPD. Smoking was the main risk factor for COPD (odds ratio [OR]=1.94,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.45-2.58, P＜0.05). The prevalence of COPD was positively related to the pack-years of smoking. Certain COPD patients had not quit smoking although they knew that they had COPD. Other risk factors for COPD included male gender (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.22-2.05, P＜0.05), older age (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.34-2.41, P＜0.05), family history of lung disease (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.33-2.23, P＜0.05), and history of bronchitis/pneumonia in childhood (OR=2.035, 95%CI: 1.339-3.095, P＜0.05).Conclusions:The prevalence of COPD in Shijingshan residents aged 40 and above is high. Strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and management of COPD are urgently needed to reduce COPD-related burden.
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