The last piece of picture puzzle: conceptual evolution of acute kidney disease
A consensus on the concept of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been reached and is widely used in basic research and clinical practice. In 2017, to define the stage of progression from AKI (7 d) to CKD (90 d) in patients with kidney diseases (KDs), the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) working group proposed a consensus on the definition and staging of acute kidney disease (AKD). In 2021, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) released an expert consensus to update the concept of AKD, dividing KDs into AKD and CKD based on whether the duration of the disease is more than 3 months, thus considering AKI a subtype of AKD, and proposing two staging principles of for AKD based on AKI or CKD. Referring to the latest elaboration of the concept of AKD by the KDIGO working group in 2021 and the latest studies on AKD, this article reviews the new concept, epidemiology, management strategies, and clinical prognosis of AKD to provide a reference for practitioners.
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