摘要
目的 调查某集装箱制造厂工人腰部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)症状发生情况,并探讨其影响因素.方法 于2022年6月,以整群随机抽样的方式,选择某集装箱制造厂952名工人为研究对象,通过问卷调查,收集近1年来工人腰部WMSDs的症状发生情况,采用logistic回归分析腰部WMSDs影响因素.结果 集装箱制造厂工人腰部WMSDs的症状发生率为46.7％(445/952).在工作中暴露比例较高的因素有经常轻微弯腰(77.0％,733/952),经常加班(74.1％,705/952),工作时需要转身(62.3％,593/952).多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄在40岁以上、吸烟、饮酒、经常轻微弯腰、久坐不动、长时间保持大幅度弯腰姿势、经常加班、操作空间有限、总是需要完成有矛盾冲突的事情的集装箱制造厂工人 WMSDs 症状发生风险升高(OR=1.68、1.96、2.47、1.49、1.84、2.11、1.90、1.82、2.00,P＜0.05);站立工作、同事总是很友善、领导总是提供支持与帮助是腰部WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.60、0.32、0.40,P＜0.05).结论 集装箱制造厂工人腰部WMSDs症状发生率较高,经常轻微弯腰、长时间保持大幅度弯腰姿势以及操作空间受限等工作相关因素是集装箱制造企业工效学干预的重点.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the occurrence of low back work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among workers in a container manufacturing factory,and to explore the influencing factors.Methods In June 2022,952 workers from a container factory were selected as the research objects by cluster random sampling.Through questionnaire survey,the incidence of low back WMSDs symptoms among workers in the past one year was collected,and the influencing factors of low back WMSDs were analyzed by logistic regression.Results The incidence rate of low back WMSDs was 46.7％(445/952).The factors with higher exposure at work were frequent slight bending(77.0％,733/952),frequent overtime(74.1％,705/952),and the need to turn around while working(62.3％,593/952).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age over 40 years old,smoking,drinking,often bending over slightly,sitting for a long time,maintaining a large bending posture for a long time,often working overtime,limited operating space,and there was always a need to complete conflicting things in the container manufacturing factory workers were the risks of increasing the low back WMSDs(OR=1.68,1.96,2.47,1.49,1.84,2.11,1.90,1.82,2.00,P＜0.05).Standing at work,always friendly colleagues,and always supportive and helpful leaders were protective factors for low back WMSDs(OR=0.60,0.32,0.40,P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of low back WMSDs symptoms in container manufacturing workers is high,and work-related factors such as frequent slight bending,long time holding large bending posture and limited operating space are the focus of ergonomic intervention in container manufacturing enterprises.
基金项目
职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金(OHIC2022Y08)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据