铜镍冶炼企业主要危险化学品接触职业健康风险评估
Occupational health risk assessment of exposure to major hazardous chemicals in copper and nickel smelting enterprises
贾超云 1郝伟 1尹丽 1袁辉 1汉锋 2于晶3
作者信息
- 1. 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心职业健康与辐射防护所,乌鲁木齐 830011
- 2. 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业性呼吸系统疾病研究室,职业流行病学与风险评估研究室,北京 100050
- 3. 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业性呼吸系统疾病研究室,职业流行病学与风险评估研究室,北京 100050;吉林省职业病防治院中心实验室,长春 130102
- 折叠
摘要
目的 对铜镍冶炼行业主要危险化学品接触岗位进行风险评估,为企业危险化学品的风险判定及采取针对性的防控措施提供依据.方法 于2023年9-10月,选择新疆维吾尔自治区两家铜镍矿冶炼企业为研究对象,通过职业危害现场调查收集化学品的相关资料,采用GBZ/T 298-2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中定性分析法和接触指数法对主要化学品接触岗位开展风险评估,将风险评估结果利用Weighted Kappa(加权Kappa)系数进行一致性检验.结果 铜镍冶炼企业危险化学品暴露两种评估结果风险均偏高的岗位为精炼工艺中接触盐酸的皂化岗位、接触氢氧化钠的黑镍和尾吸岗位.两种职业健康风险评估结果一致性差(Kappa=0.14).结论 铜镍冶炼企业主要危险化学品用量较大,暴露导致的职业健康风险复杂多样,需加强其慢性职业健康的影响.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the risk of major chemical exposure positions in copper and nickel smelting enterprises,and provide a basis for risk assessment and prevention control measures.Methods From September to October 2023,two copper nickel ore smelting enterprises in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects.Relevant information on chemicals was collected through occupational hazard field investigations.Qualitative analysis and exposure index methods were used in GBZ/T 298-2017"Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace"to conduct risk assessments on the main chemical exposure positions.The qualitative risk assessment results were checked for consistency using the Weighted Kappa coefficient.Results The positions with high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals in copper nickel smelting enterprises are saponification positions exposed to hydrochloric acid in refining processes,black nickel positions exposed to sodium hydroxide,and tail suction positions.The consistency between the two occupational health risk assessment results is poor(Kappa=0.14).Conclusion The amount of major hazardous chemicals in copper-nickel smelting enterprises is large,and the occupational health risks caused by exposure are complex and diverse,so the effects of chronic occupational health should be strengthened.
关键词
职业健康/危险化学品/定性分析法/接触指数法Key words
Occupational health/Hazardous chemicals/Qualitative assessment/Exposure index method引用本文复制引用
基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01C99)
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(1311400010903)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据