Immune checkpoint inhibitors have cahnged the management of patients with metastatic bladder cancer,by leading to long-term response and prolonged survival in a subset of patients.Unfortunately,only one in five patients with metastatic bladder cancer responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Preclinical and early clinical evidence indicates that radiotherapy not only acts locally,but It also plays a"double-edged sword"role in the immune system.It is hypothesized that combining checkpoint inhibitors with radiotherapy might enhance an anti-tumor immune response and increase response rates.With a review of research progresses in recent years,we believe that immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy may have a good applied perspective and is expected to further change the treatment pattern of metastatic bladder cancer.
关键词
膀胱肿瘤/尿路上皮癌/免疫治疗/免疫检查点抑制剂/放疗/体部立体定向放疗
Key words
Urinary bladder neoplasms/Urothelial cancer/Immunotherapy/Immune checkpoint inhibitor/Radiotherapy/Stereotactic body radiotherapy
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