Objective This study aims to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric appendicovesical fistula(AVF).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a pediatric patient with AVF admitted to our hospital in March 2023.The patient was a 6-year and 11-month old male who was hospitalized on March 21,2023,due to difficulty urinating accompanied by diarrhea for two weeks.Computed tomography(CT)revealed bladder stones.The preoperative diagnosis was bladder stones.Transurethral cystoscopic lithotripsy with laser was performed under general anesthesia.Two weeks postoperatively,the child presented with recurrent symptoms of frequent urination,urinary pain,and diarrhea.Urine routine examination indicated a urinary tract infection.Over a month of antibiotic treatment was ineffective,and symptoms such as pneumaturia and fecaluria emerged,with exacerbation of diarrhea,suggesting the possibility of a fistulous tract between the child's intestine and bladder.Further bladder ultrasonography with contrast showed microbubbles of contrast medium leaking from the right posterior bladder wall into the intestinal tract.Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)demonstrated a small,sharp tube-like shadow at the upper edge of the right posterior bladder,with a strip-like,significantly enhanced shadow within the lumen.The preoperative diagnosis was revised to appendicovesical fistula.During cystoscopic examination,a papillary-like protrusion was identified on the right lateral wall of the bladder,with no evident orificium fistulae or foreign body discharge noted at the protrusion site.Consequently,robot-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy,appendectomy,and lysis of adhesions were performed.Results The patient was administered antibiotic for a 10-day course of anti-infection and a urinary catheter was maintained for 13 days.The patient recovered entirely and had been discharged after the removal of the urinary catheter.At an 11-month follow-up,there were no reported specific discomforts.Conclusions Pediatric AVF is rare,and bladder contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and MRI are preferred for initial diagnostic evaluation.The diagnosis can be confirmed by specific clinical presentations such as intermittent pneumaturia and fecaluria,diarrhea with bladder stones.Laparoscopic surgery or robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery could be a feasible treatment option.
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