Objective To assess the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for the re-spiratory support after tracheal extubation under general anesthesia in neonates.Methods This was a pro-spective randomized controlled study.Ninety-four neonates undergoing general surgery under general anes-thesia with endotracheal intubation and endotracheal tube removal following surgery from December 2022 to November 2023 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected and divided into 2 groups(n=47 each)by the random number table method:conventional oxygen therapy group(group C)and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy group(group H).After the endotracheal tube was removed,group H underwent high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy:oxygen flow was 2 L·kg-1·min-1,the con-centration and humidity of oxygen were both 100％ ,and the temperature was 37 ℃.Group C underwent con-ventional mask ventilation with the oxygen flow rate 5 L/min,oxygen concentration 100％ ,ventilation fre-quency about 25-35 times/min.The outcome measures were recorded from the time after extubation to the time before discharge from the operating theatre.The main outcome measures were the minimum SpO2 and hypoxemia(SpO2＜90％ ),choking,laryngospasm and asphyxia.The secondary outcome measures were re-spiratory rate(immediate extubation,immediate discharge),minimum HR,and time to discharge from the operating theatre.Results Compared with group C,the lowest SpO2 was significantly increased,the inci-dence of hypoxemia and respiratory rate immediately after discharge from the operating room was decreased(P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the incidence of choking,laryngospasm and asphyxia,the lowest heart rate,respiratory rate immediately after tracheal extubation and time to discharge from the operating theatre in group H(P＞0.05).Conclusions High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy can im-prove oxygenation and significantly reduce the risk of hypoxemia when used for the respiratory support after tracheal extubation under general anesthesia in neonates.
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