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茶园化肥减施的认识误区及实施建议

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茶园化肥减施是不是茶园不让施化肥了,是不是不施肥的茶叶品质更好?茶园化肥减施,茶叶还能长好吗?针对化肥减施行动实施以来,部分茶叶生产者的认识误区,讨论了茶园施肥的必要性、化肥减施的紧迫性,以及合理的化肥减施措施及成效.茶园施肥不足会影响茶树的正常生长,茶叶减产降质明显;施肥过量则会使土壤质量恶化,同样对茶树生长不利.只有通过合理施肥,并配套增效技术,才能促进茶树正常生长.茶园化肥减施要根据不同生产茶园具体情况进行,基本原则为总氮控制、磷钾基准养分合理配比,有机肥替代(以纯N计)比例25％～40％.
Misunderstanding of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction in Tea Garden and Suggestions for Implementation
Does reducing fertilizer application in tea gardens mean that tea gardens are no longer allowed to use chemical fertilizers,and is it because tea leaves without fertilization have better quality?Can tea still grow well with reduced fertilizer application in tea gardens?In response to the misunderstandings among some tea producers since the im-plementation of the action to reduce fertilizer application,this paper discussed the necessity of fertilization in tea gardens,the urgency of reducing fertilizer application,as well as reasonable measures and effects of reducing fertilizer application.Insufficient fertilization in tea gardens would affect the normal growth of tea plants,resulting in a significant reduction in tea yield and quality.Excessive fertilization would worsen soil quality and be detrimental to the growth of tea plants.Only through reasonable fertilization and matching with efficiency enhancing technologies can tea plants grow normally.The reduction of chemical fertilizer application in tea gardens should be based on the specific situation of different tea plantations,with reference to total nitrogen control and reasonable allocation of phosphorus and potassium benchmark nutrients.The proportion of organic fertilizer substitution(calculated as pure N)is more suitable at 25％to 40％.

tea gardenchemical fertilizer reductionorganic fertilizer replacementtechniques for increasing fertilizer efficiency

马立锋、卓荣华

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所农业农村部茶树生物学与资源利用重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310008

南宁市马山县医疗保障局,广西 马山 530600

茶园 化肥减施 有机肥替代 增效技术

国家重点研究计划项目中国农业科学院茶叶研究所基本科研业务费项目国家现代农业产业技术体系中国农业科学院科技创新工程

2021YFD16011031610212022008CARS-19CAAS-ASTIP-2014-TRICAAS-0X

2024

中国茶叶
中国农业科学院茶叶研究所

中国茶叶

影响因子：0.288
ISSN：1000-3150
年,卷(期)：2024.46(2)
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