摘要
为探究靖远羊羔肉品质和产地环境特征以及它们之间的关系,该研究以靖远羊羔肉核心产区的土壤、水和饲草各15份以及15只70日龄左右靖远滩羊公羔为研究对象,对其理化指标、营养成分和肉品质等进行分析.结果表明:靖远羊羔肉主产区水呈中性,土壤呈弱碱性,饲草中富含粗蛋白质、粗纤维等营养成分.土壤、水和饲草富含铁、镁、钾等矿物质,且重金属残留均低于国家标准的规定.羊只宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率分别为21.83kg、11.29 kg、51.74％.羊肉肉色鲜亮,pH45 min值为6.15,失水率和剪切力分别是19.50％和75.57N.羊肉的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量分别为20.10％、1.55％、45.47 mg/100g.氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、非必须氨基酸总量分别为18.61％、7.01％、11.46％,必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量/非必须氨基酸总量分别为37.67％和61.17％.羊肉中钾、镁、钙含量分别为906.73、193.33、60.31 mg/kg,高于同类羊肉产品.羊肉中的单不饱和脂肪酸含量为0.91 g/100g,其次是多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸,分别为0.05和0.04 g/100g.肉中的特征风味物质主要是3-羟基丁酮(奶油香味)、乙酸甲酯(水果香味)、2-甲基丙酸乙酯(水果香味),其含量分别为2.76％、1.47％、1.77％.羊肉肌纤维直径小且密度大.产地环境饲草中的钙、钴、钼、铜、锌、水、粗灰分含量显著影响羊肉中的异亮氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸含量,饲草中的钠、氯化物及水中的铝和铁含量显著影响C18∶2n6t、C18∶3n6等脂肪酸含量.可见,靖远羊羔肉产地环境安全,环境和饲草料中富含有益矿物质,进而造就出富含矿物质、氨基酸组成良好、低胆固醇的羊羔肉.
Abstract
In order to explore the quality of Jingyuan lamb and the characteristics of the producing environment and the relationship between them,this study took 15 pieces of soil,water,and forage in the core producing area of Jingyuan lamb and 15 70-day-old Jingyuan Tan male lambs as the research objects,and analyzed their physical and chemical indexes,nutritional components and meat quality.The results showed that the water was neutral and soil was weakly alkaline in the main producing area of Jingyuan lamb,and the forage was rich in crude protein and fiber.Soil,water,and forage grass are rich in iron,magnesium,potassium,and other minerals,and heavy metal residues are lower than the provisions of national standards.The live weight,carcass weight,and slaughter rate of sheep were 21.83 kg,11.29 kg,and 51.74％,respectively.The meat color of the mutton was bright,the pH45 min value was 6.15,and the water loss rate and shear force were 19.50％and 75.57 N,respectively.The contents of crude protein,crude fat,and cholesterol in mutton were 20.10％,1.55％,and 45.47 mg/100g,respectively.Total amino acids,total essential amino acids,and total non-essential amino acids were 18.61％,7.01％,and 11.46％,respectively;total essential amino acids/total amino acids and total essential amino acids/total essential amino acids/total essential amino acids were 37.67％and 61.17％,respectively.The contents of potassium,magnesium,and calcium in mutton were 906.73,193.33,and 60.31 mg/kg respectively,which were higher than those of similar mutton products.The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in mutton was 0.91 g/100g,followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids,which were 0.05 and 0.04 g/100g,respectively.The main characteristic flavor substances in meat were 3-hydroxybutanone(cream flavor),methyl acetate(fruit flavor),and 2-methylpropionate(fruit flavor),the contents of which were 2.76％,1.47％,and 1.77％,respectively.Mutton muscle fibers are small in diameter and dense.The contents of calcium,cobalt,molybdenum,copper,zinc,water,and crude ash in forage in the producing area significantly affected the contents of isoleucine,arginine,glutamic acid,aspartic acid,and threonine in mutton.The contents of sodium,chloride in forage and aluminum,and iron in water significantly affected the contents of C18:2n6t,C18:3n6,and other fatty acids.It can be seen that the environment of Jingyuan lamb is safe,and the environment and forage are rich in beneficial minerals,thus creating a lamb with rich minerals,good amino acid composition,and low cholesterol.
基金项目
甘肃省特色优势农产品评价(TYNPY2022-01)
国家肉羊产业体系(CARS-38)
维普
万方数据