The History and Current Situation of the Institutionalization and Legalization of Tibetan Buddhist Monastery Management
Historically,the management of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries has formed corresponding internal management systems at different times,which played a vital role in the development and spread of Tibetan Buddhism.Influenced by the theocratic system,the monastery management has evolved from the early Khenpo-led management system to the sect leader-led management system,and then to the Living Buddha-led manage-ment system.This not only reflected the inherent needs of Buddhist teachings and scripture study education,but also was affected by the feudal separatist forces and secular politics such as local governments,tribes,and chieftains,it had both positive and negative effects on the survival and development of Tibetan Buddhism.After the founding of New China,the management system of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries ushered in a new historical era and entered the track of democratization and rule of law.The management of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries implemented self-management,democratic management,and management in accordance with the law,providing a system for Tibetan Buddhism to adapt to the socialist society.The article focuses on the con-struction of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and the establishment of corresponding systems during the Tubo peri-od,the further development and improvement of the management system during the period of the"Later Propa-gation"and the period of political and religious integration,and the establishment of a new management system of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries after the founding of New China.The history and current situation of the insti-tutionalization and legalization of the management of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries have been systematically sorted out and summarized.