The Newly Discovered Tibetan Compliant Manuscript of the Yuan Dynasty in mTho-lding Monastery,Zhada County,Xizang and the Governance of mNgav-ris Region by the Central Government of the Yuan Dynasty
In 2011,a Tibetan manuscript of the Yuan Dynasty was discovered in mTho-lding Monastery,Zhada County,Xizang,and the preliminary research was conducted on it.Since the manuscript involves a series of measures taken by the central government of the Yuan Dynasty to govern Xizang,such as gSer-yig-pa,Tongzhi,and vU-lag,this paper,based on the discussion on the date of the manuscript,the Chinese translation of the text,and the textual research of the relevant important historical terms in it,has conducted a further in-depth and comprehensive study of the important measures taken by the central government of the Yuan Dynasty to govern mNgav-ris region under the general background of the central government's governance of Xizang in the Yuan Dynasty,combined with previous research.The research shows that the important historical terms recorded in the manuscript,such as gSer-yig-pa,Tongzhi,and vU-lag,not only originated from the Yuan Dynasty,but also were Tibetan translations of Chinese and Mongolian languages,and a series of important measures taken by the central government of the Yuan Dynasty to govern Xizang and other Tibetan inhabited areas.Among them,the"gSer-yig-pa"was an imperial envoy to Xizang sent by the central government of the Yuan Dynasty,and"Tongzhi"was a government official appointed in both central and local governments in charge of Tibetan affairs,the"post station"was a place set up by the central government in Tibetan areas for official to board,sleep and exchange horses on the way,while"vU-lag"was a labor service assigned to the Ti-betans on the way for the operation of the post stations.Records in this manuscript are consistent with the rele-vant measures of the central government in the Tibetan areas,which fully proves the governance of the central government over the mNgav-ris region.Therefore,this manuscript is one of the important evidences for the cen-tral government of Yuan Dynasty to govern the mNgav-ris region.In view of the scarcity of relevant documents and cultural relics handed down and unearthed in the mNgav-ris region,this manuscript not only confirms the relevant records in the documents,makes up for the lack of relevant records and physical objects,but also enri-ches the historical details,so it has very important historical and academic value.
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