摘要
目的 探索新型冠状病毒(以下简称新冠病毒)感染相关皮肤病及其影响因素.方法 2023年2月16日至2023年3月16日,利用"问卷星"网络问卷调查平台,通过方便抽样法,在长沙地区调查包括湖南中医药大学第二附属医院门诊既往新冠病毒感染患者及长沙部分地区符合纳入标准的既往新冠病毒感染患者,收集人口学特征、新冠病毒感染情况及感染后新发皮肤病情况.计数资料的组间比较采用卡方检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨新冠病毒感染后新发皮肤病的相关因素.结果 收集有效问卷357份,纳入357例新冠病毒感染患者,女246例(68.9％)、男111例(31.1％),260例(72.8％)年龄 ≤ 35岁.新冠病毒感染后96例(26.9％)出现皮肤疾病,其中荨麻疹(27例,31.0％)、玫瑰痤疮(27例,31.0％)、脱发(18例,20.7％)、过敏性紫癜(15例,17.2％)占比较高.另96例(26.9％)患者既往有皮肤病史,其中36例因新冠病毒感染导致原有皮肤病病情加重.单因素分析显示,性别、基础疾病史、过敏性疾病史、新冠病毒疫苗接种、新冠病毒感染病程、原有皮肤病加重与新发皮肤病相关(均P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别(相较于女性,男性:OR=0.235,95％CI:0.113,0.490)、过敏性疾病史(相较于无过敏性疾病史者,有过敏性疾病史者:OR=2.159,95％CI:1.239,3.761)和新冠病毒感染病程(与病程＜5 d相比,病程6～7d:OR=3.043,95％CI:1.495,6.193;病程 8～14 d:OR=2.364,95％CI:1.105,5.506;病程 ≥ 15 d:OR=4.406,95％CI:1.972,9.849)是新冠病毒感染后新发皮肤病的影响因素(均P＜0.05).结论 新冠病毒感染可能导致荨麻疹、玫瑰痤疮、脱发、过敏性紫癜等皮肤病,其中女性、有过敏性疾病史及新冠病毒感染病程相对长的患者更易发生皮肤病.
Abstract
Objective To characterize COVID-19-associated skin diseases and explore their influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted via the online platform Wenjuanxing in Changsha area from February 16,2023,to March 16,2023.The convenience sampling method was employed to conduct a survey of outpatients with a history of COVID-19 infection from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,as well as individuals in certain areas of Changsha who met the inclusion criteria for past COVID-19 infections.Demographic characteristics,COVID-19 infection details,and the occurrence of skin conditions after COVID-19 infection were collected.The chi-square test was used for inter-group comparisons of categorical data,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with skin diseases following COVID-19 infection.Results A total of 357 valid questionnaires were collected,and 357 patients with a history of COVID-19 infection were involved,including 246 females(68.9％)and 111 males(31.1％).Among these patients,260(72.8％)were aged≤35 years.After COVID-19 infection,skin diseases occurred in 96 patients(26.9％),with urticaria(27 cases,31.0％),rosacea(27 cases,31.0％),hair loss(18 cases,20.7％),and Henoch-Schönlein purpura(15 cases,17.2％)being the most common diseases.Additionally,96 patients(26.9％)had a history of pre-existing skin diseases,among whom 36 experienced exacerbation of their pre-existing skin diseases due to COVID-19 infection.Univariate analysis showed that gender,history of chronic diseases,history of allergic diseases,COVID-19 vaccination,duration of COVID-19 infection,and exacerbation of pre-existing skin diseases were significantly associated with the development of new skin diseases following COVID-19 infection(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender(compared with females,males:OR=0.235,95％CI:0.113,0.490),history of allergic diseases(compared with patients without a history of allergic diseases,those with the history:OR=2.159,95％CI:1.239,3.761),and duration of COVID-19 infection(compared with the duration of＜5 days,duration of 6-7 days:OR=3.043,95％CI:1.495,6.193;duration of 8-14 days:OR=2.364,95％CI:1.105,5.506;duration of ≥ 15 days:OR=4.406,95％CI:1.972,9.849)were influencing factors for skin diseases after COVID-19 infection(all P＜0.05).Conclusions COVID-19 infection may lead to skin diseases such as urticaria,rosacea,hair loss,and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.Females,individuals with a history of allergic diseases,and those with a relatively long duration of COVID-19 infection were more prone to develop skin diseases after COVID-19 infection.
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