Urological complications are common after kidney transplantation(KT)and can significantly affect graft functions and the survival of both graft and recipient in severe cases.To further standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these complications and optimize the clinical outcomes,the relevant experts in KT and urology,under the auspices of Branch of Organ Transplantation,Chinese Medical Association,formulated the 2023 Edition Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Complications after Kidney Transplantation.These guidelines provided practical recommendations on the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of post-KT urological complications,such as urinary leakage,urolithiasis,ureteral strictures and vesicoureteral reflux,particular focus was placed upon mini-invasive techniques and their clinical applications.
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