It described the diagnosis and treatment of a kidney transplant recipient simultaneously infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Talaromyces marniffei(TM).In early stage of treatment,this case was misdiagnosed as a single infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis.However,anti-tuberculosis treatment was ineffective and general condition continued to deteriorate.Pathogenic examination yielded a definite diagnosis of skin and soft tissue infection caused by TM.The patient was cured with amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate complex,voriconazole and itraconazole successively while tapering the intensity of immunosuppressants.Transplanted kidney function normalized.There was no recurrence during a follow-up period of over 1 year.