浙江省丽水市6 471例狂犬病暴露者流行病学特征分析
Epidemiological features of 6 471 individuals with rabies exposure in Lishui city,Zhejiang province
赖林杰 1陈义 1杜望 1刘皖娟 1麻帅婷 1谢璐涛 1兰频1
作者信息
- 1. 温州医科大学附属第五医院丽水市中心医院急诊医学科,丽水 323000
- 折叠
摘要
目的 了解丽水市中心医院动物致伤门诊接诊的狂犬病暴露预防处置人群的流行病学特征及暴露后处置情况,为本地区狂犬病防控提供参考.方法 回顾性分析丽水市中心医院2021-2023年6 471例狂犬病暴露者流行病学资料,包括暴露人群性别与年龄、致伤月份及部位、致伤动物种类、暴露等级、狂犬病疫苗接种情况、狂犬病被动免疫制剂注射等.结果 2021-2023年丽水市中心医院动物致伤门诊收治狂犬病暴露者共计6 471例,2021-2023年分别接诊1 133例、2 135例和3 203例,4～11月为暴露的高峰期,其中年龄21～30岁人群就诊率最高,达27.79％(1 798/6 471),为暴露的高危人群,3年间狂犬病暴露年龄构成比差异具有统计学意义(x2=43.82,P＜0.001);男、女性别比为 1∶1.14(x2=1.63,P=0.442);其中猫致伤 3 317 例(51.26％,3 317/6 471),犬致伤2 614例(42.16％,2 614/6 471),猫和犬为主要致伤动物(x2=18.63,P=0.098).暴露部位以上肢(4 131/6 471,63.84％)和下肢(1 848/6 471,28.56％)居多,3年间各部位的暴露构成比差异具有统计学意义(x2=105.79,P＜0.001);其中 Ⅱ 级暴露占 31.79％(2 057/6 471),Ⅲ 级暴露占 62.31％(4 032/6 471),Ⅲ级暴露者中应用被动免疫制剂者占55.13％(2 232/4 032).结论 丽水市中心医院动物致伤门诊狂犬病暴露者就诊数量逐年增高,就诊人群被猫和犬致伤的情况较突出,Ⅲ级暴露者被动免疫制剂使用率仍然有待继续提高.
Abstract
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)situation of rabies exposure population in the animal injury outpatient department of Lishui Central Hospital,so as to provide reference for rabies prevention and control in this region.Methods The epidemiological data of 6 471 rabies-exposed persons in Lishui Central Hospital from 2021 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including the gender and age of exposed persons,the month and location of injury,the species of injured animals,the exposure grade,rabies vaccination,rabies passive immunization agents,etc.Results From 2021 to 2023,a total of 6 471 cases of rabies exposure were treated in the animal injury outpatient department of Lishui Central Hospital.From 2021 to 2023,1 133 cases,2 135 cases and 3 203 cases were treated respectively.April to November was the peak period of exposure.The population of 21 to 30 years had the highest rate of treatment,reaching 27.79％(1 798/6 471),and was a high-risk group of exposure.The age composition ratio of rabies exposure in the three years was statistically significantly different(x2=43.82,P＜0.001);the male to female ratio was 1∶1.14(x2=1.63,P=0.442);3 317 cases(51.26％,3 317/6 471)were injured by cats,and 2 614 cases(42.16％,2 614/6 471)were injured by dogs,cats and dogs were the main injured animals(x2=18.63,P=0.098).The upper limbs(4 131/6 471,63.84％)and lower limbs(1 848/6 471,28.56％)were the most exposed sites,and there was a statistically significant difference in the exposure composition ratio of each site in three years(x2=105.79,P＜0.001).Grade Ⅱ exposure accounted for 31.79％(2 057/6 471),grade Ⅲ exposure accounted for 62.31％(4 032/6 471).Among grade Ⅲ exposure individuals,those who used passive immune preparations accounted for 55.13％(2 232/4 032).Conclusions The number of rabies-exposed patients in the animal injury outpatient department of Lishui Central Hospital has been increasing year by year,and the population of patients injured by cats and dogs is particularly prominent.The utilization rate of passive immune preparations for grade Ⅲ exposure patients still needs to be further improved.
关键词
狂犬病/暴露后预防处置/疫苗/被动免疫制剂Key words
Rabies/Post-exposure prophylaxis/Vaccine/Passive immune preparation引用本文复制引用
基金项目
丽水市科技计划(2022GYX36)
丽水市科技计划(2022SJZC019)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据