Early efficacy and prospects of porous tantalum metal in the treatment of cranial defects in rats
Objective To explore the early therapeutic effect of porous tantalum metal in treating cranial defects in rats.Methods An animal model of rat cranial bone defect was prepared by drilling method,and the rats were divided into control group and tantalum metal implantation group by randomized numerical table method,with 6 rats in each group.The injection of porous tantalum metal was detected by small animal imaging X-ray.Bone regeneration at the bone defect was observed by safranin O-fast green staining and hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The biocompatibility of porous tantalum metal was in-vestigated by co-cultivating it with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),and the co-cultivation of BMSCs was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The biotoxicity of porous tantalum metal was de-tected by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results The porous tantalum metal was tightly integrated with the surrounding bone tissue 2 weeks after implantation,and no obvious inflammatory reac-tion was observed.The X-ray results of small animals showed that new bone grew in between the pores of the tantalum metal,which promoted the regeneration and repair of bone defects.Histological sections of HE staining around the tantalum metal had no obvious inflammatory reaction and the metal pore blood cell ag-gregation,and the formation of bone scab was promoted.The safranin O-fast green staining was seen in the newborn bone into the metal interspace,and the porous tantalum metal and bone connection was close.There was no immune rejection.MTT test results showed that the absorbance value of the normal culture group and the tantalum metal co-culture group after 1,3,5 d did not have a significant difference(0.177±0.010 vs.0.185±0.010,0.434±0.001 vs.0.449±0.002,0.776±0 vs.0.785±0,t=0.303,1.924,1.266,P＞0.05).After 7 d of culture,the cell proliferation of the tantalum metal co-cul-ture group was higher than that of the normal culture group(1.39±0.03 vs.1.23±0.02,t=12.290,P＜0.01),which indicated that the porous tantalum metal had little cytotoxicity and damage to the cells,and it had a certain advantage in promoting the growth and proliferation of BMSCs.Scanning electron mi-croscopy results suggested that porous tantalum metal was highly biocompatible,and BMSCs grew around tantalum metal,fully encircling porous tantalum metal,with cells being intertwined and in good growth con-dition.Conclusion Porous tantalum metal implanted in rat skull defects promotes and guides bone growth and bone repair.
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