Research progress in the molecular mechanisms and identification of cellular senescence
Cellular senescence refers to the stable and irreversible cell cycle arrest and is one of the basic mechanisms leading to aging condition.Recent studies have shown that cellular senescence represents a wide range of dynamic and highly heterogeneous cell states,and that senescent cells have unique phenotypic changes.The main cause of senescence is the activation of tumor suppressor genes such as p16,p21 or p53 caused by cell damage,which leads to the arrest of the cell cycle.Senescent cells can also secrete cytokines after activation of the NF-κB pathway and the C/EBP family pathway,initiating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).SASP factors such as TGF-β,IGFBP-1 and IL-1α,IL-6 and other inflammatory factors will maintain or induce the production of senescent cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner,and the accumulation of SASP will also promote the disintegration and recon-struction of tissues,thereby affecting organ homeostasis.The relationship between senescent cells and senile diseases is a research hotspot today.Studies have shown that killing senescent cells in vivo can prolong lifespan and delay the pro-gression of cardiovascular,brain and bone degenerative diseases.Although some progress has been made in related re-search,there is technical problems identifying and separating senescent cells,so the results of the research need to be further confirmed.A review of the mechanisms and identification of cellular senescence is useful to further understand the molecular mechanism of cellular senescence and provide theoretical basis and ideas for understanding degenerative diseases in aging.
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