Targeting the"soil":the next frontier in breast cancer treatment
Breast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer among women globally.Triple-neg-ative breast cancer(TNBC),the most invasive subtype of breast cancer,lacks specific targets and targeted therapies.The tumor microenvironment(TME)of TNBC is intricately connected with proliferation,apopto-sis inhibition,invasion,migration,angiogenesis,immune escape,and therapy resistance.Components of the TME,including transformed extracellular matrix(ECM),soluble factors,immunosuppressive cells,re-programmed cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),and unique physicochemical properties,collectively im-pede anti-tumor responses and facilitate the progression and metastasis of TNBC.Hence,the TME is a po-tential therapeutic target for TNBC.This review delineates the characteristics of the TME"soil"necessary for the sustenance of cancer cell"seeds",the methods of targeting the TME,and analyzes the feasibility and recent advancements in anti-tumor treatments targeting T cells,tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),dendritic cells(DCs),CAFs,and the physicochemical properties within the TME.Finally,it discusses current challenges and future implications.Understanding the diverse roles of the TME compo-nents in relation to TNBC is pivotal for enhancing clinical benefits in TNBC patients.
Triple-negative breast cancerTumor microenvironmentImmunosuppressionImmunotherapy
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