Research progress in the mechanisms of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the brain metastasis microenvi-ronment
One of the leading causes of mortality in malignant tumor patients is brain metastasis,with lung cancer,breast cancer,and melanoma being the most common culprits.The occurrence of brain metastases often signi-fies shortened survival and poor prognosis for patients.Treatment options for brain metastasis include surgery,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy.However,despite these interventions,the average sur-vival of patients with brain metastasis remains around 12 months or less.Therefore,further investigation of the mecha-nisms underlying tumor brain metastasis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.Re-cent studies have revealed the crucial role of the brain metastasis microenvironment in tumor brain metastasis.Extracel-lular vesicles play a key role in intercellular communication within this microenvironment.Primary tumors can release extracellular vesicles(EVs)to influence cellular and extracellular components within the brain metastasis microenviron-ment,thereby promoting the progression of brain metastasis.This review primarily focuses on the relationship between EVs and the development of brain metastasis,as well as the potential applications of EVs in the development of novel treatment strategies for brain metastasis.
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