Lipid droplet-targeted photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission properties for bone tumor cell imaging and photodynamic therapy
Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of the aggregation-induced luminescent material lipid droplet(LD)-Orange on bone tumor cells,tumor cell endocytosis,organelle localization and photodynamic killing of bone tumor cells.Methods The bone tumor cell line 143B was used as a model cell,and laser confocal imaging was applied to explore the fluorescence imaging of LD-Orange after incuba-tion with 143B cells to assess its endocytosis performance,co-staining with commercial lipid droplet dye Nile Red and LD-Orange,and laser confocal imaging was applied to determine its subcellular localization and assess its organelle-targeting performance,and the DCFH-DA was used as a reactive oxygen species in-dicator to explore the intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species generating capacity of LD-Orange,and the cell killing and biocompatibility of the study cells were assessed by Calcein-AM/pro-pidium iodide(PI)cell activity assay kit and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.The t-test was used to determine the significance between the experimental and control groups.Results LD-Orange could be endocytosed by osteosarcoma cell line 143 B,localized the lipid droplets of bone tumor cells,and had 95％co-staining with commercial lipid droplet dyes.Under the irradiation of low-power ordinary LED white light at 30 mW/cm2,LD-Orange showed excellent reactive oxygen species generation ability.MTT cytotox-icity assay showed that the survival rate of 143 B cells treated with LD-Orange at 15 μmol/L was unaffected as compared with that of control 143B cells(t=0.474,P＞0.05).The killing rate of 143B cells in the experimental group after white light(30 mW/cm2)irradiation was 98.27％(t=39.610,P＜0.01).Conclusion LD-Orange has good biocompatibility,can be endocytosed by osteosarcoma cells 143B,has high lipid droplet targeting rate,and has excellent reactive oxygen species generating capacity.LD-Orange's good targeting imaging of lipid droplets on bone tumor cells and fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy on osteosarcoma cells confirm that LD-Orange is an effective LD organelle-targeting photosensitizer,providing a more effective attempt to enhance the effect of assisted surgical and other therapeutic means for osteosarcoma.
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