Review and prospect of basic and clinical research in thyroid cancer
As the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system,thyroid cancer has at-tracted much attention in basic and clinical research.The exploration of the molecular mechanism of thyroid cancer pathogenesis in the field of basic research has been deepened,and studies at the gene level have found that gene mutations such as BRAF and RET play a key role in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer,and different mutation types are closely related to the aggressiveness and prognosis of tumors.The study of tumor microenvironment reveals the interaction between immune cells and cytokines and cancer cells,and provides a theoretical basis for immunotherapy strategies.In terms of clinical re-search,the application of diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence algorithms combined with proteomic features has improved the accuracy of early diagnosis.Surgery is the most impor-tant treatment for thyroid cancer,but the surgical method is still being optimized,and the function of the surrounding tissues and organs and the thyroid gland itself should be protected as much as possible while treating thyroid diseases.In terms of drug therapy,the emergence of targeted drugs has brought new hope to patients with advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer,but drug resistance is still a challenge.
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