China currently has the highest number of esophageal cancer patients in the world,and lung cancer has the highest incidence and fatality rates globally.Thoracic surgery,being the primary meth-od for diagnosing and treating these conditions,faces unprecedented challenges.The surgical approach serves as the foundation of the treatment,continually evolving and improving with the integration of chemo-therapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.The field of thoracic surgery's fundamental research en-counters both opportunities and challenges with the emergence of concepts such as"deeper interdisciplinary integration","spatial single-cell multi-omics",and"higher-level multi-modality".The Times emphasizes that thoracic surgeons must embrace risks and confront these challenges directly.Efforts should be dedica-ted to advancing basic research,facilitating the translation of research findings into clinical practice,and promoting the progress of the thoracic surgery profession.
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