Advances in research on epigenetic modifications in triple-negative breast cancer:tumor microenvironment and therapy
Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),due to the lack of common target molecules such as estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(Her-2),presents significant challen-ges to conventional treatments.The study of epigenetic modifications brings new hope to TNBC therapy.Novel mecha-nisms such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and non-coding RNAs not only regulate cancer cell prolifera-tion,migration,and invasion but are also closely related to immune evasion,chemotherapy resistance,and tumor stem cell characteristics,impacting the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.Currently,epigenetic therapies such as DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown potential efficacy,and combination strategies with immunotherapy are becoming a research focus.Personalized epigenetic therapies for TNBC may become crucial pathways for improving patient prognosis.
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