Basic research progress of nanomaterials in the management of urolithiasis
In recent years,nanomaterials have shown significant potential and promising applica-tions in the treatment of urolithiasis.This review aims to summarize the applications of nanomaterials in urolithiasis treatment and discuss the current challenges and future directions.In basic research,multifunc-tional nanomaterials have made notable breakthroughs in the prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate stones.The development of nanozymes offers a novel approach for combating oxidative stress in calcium ox-alate-induced kidney injury.Nanodrug delivery systems have enhanced the targeting and efficacy of anti-in-flammatory and antioxidant therapies.Photothermal therapy,utilizing the photothermal conversion proper-ties of nanomaterials,disrupts biofilms associated with stone surfaces and eradicates bacteria,significantly reducing the risk of postoperative infections.In preclinical studies,the application of nanomaterials extends to lithotripsy,stone extraction,and double-J stents with nano-coatings,demonstrating superior perform-ance,particularly in preventing biofilm formation and encrustation.However,challenges remain in impro-ving the targeting,safety,long-term efficacy,and cost-effectiveness of nanomaterials,which are crucial for their clinical translation.Future research should focus on optimizing the properties and application strate-gies of nanomaterials to provide safer and more effective solutions for the clinical treatment of urolithiasis.
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