Experimental study on the quantification of two bile acids in blood as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer
Objective To quantitatively detect the levels of cholic acid(CA)and chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)in the blood samples of patients with prostate cancer(PCa)and healthy volunteers as the control group,to verify the feasibility of CA and CDCA as early biomarkers for PCa,and to elucidate their diagnostic performance.Methods A total of 20 male PCa patients diagnosed in the Department of Urology,the Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University from December 2022 to December 2023 were in-cluded in the experimental group,and 11 male healthy volunteers were included in the control group.Blood samples were collected,and after centrifugation,the supernatant was taken and mixed with the internal standard substances to be tested.Gradient elution was used to separate CA and CDCA.High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was employed to quantitatively detect the concentrations of CA and CDCA in the blood.Finally,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic models for the two substances,CA and CDCA,Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Results The CA content in the blood samples of the PCa group was 0.302,0.287,0.215,0.187,0.190,0.185,0.180,0.166,0.174,0.158,0.155,0.144,0.140,0.120,0.125,0.135,0.110,0.124,0.129,0.115 ng/ml,re-spectively.The CA content in the healthy control group was 0.169,0.170,0.153,0.142,0.122,0.144,0.082,0.085,0.074,0.055,0.032 ng/ml,respectively.The content level in the former was significantly higher than that in the latter(P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.The CDCA content in the blood samples of the PCa group was 1.770,1.612,1.508,1.235,1.339,0.650,0.662,0.942,0.752,0.750,0.760,0.555,0.507,0.523,0.421,0.333,0.345,0.378,0.329,0.225 ng/ml,respectively.The CDCA content in the healthy control group was 0.525,0.431,0.345,0.304,0.299,0.235,0.230,0.205,0.195,0.185,0.190 ng/ml,respectively.The content level in the former was significantly higher than that in the latter(P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Using the CA experimental data to plot the ROC curve,the area under curve(AUC)was 0.761,with a cutoff value of 0.085,a detection sensitivity of 100％,and a specificity of 45.45％,with a Youden index of 0.455.Using the CDCA experimental data to plot the ROC curve,AUC was 0.902,with a cutoff value of 0.304,a detection sensitivity of 95.00％,and a specificity of 72.73％,with a Youden index of 0.677.Conclusion The levels of CA and CDCA in the blood of PCa patients were significantly elevated compared to those in healthy volunteers,demonstrating higher sensitivity.Therefore,CA and CD-CA in blood can serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing PCa.The levels of CDCA in the blood of PCa patients and healthy volunteers were higher than those of CA,with higher specificity.CDCA exhibits supe-rior diagnostic performance as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer.
Prostate cancerHigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryCholic acidChenodeoxycholic acidBiomarkers
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