Immune signal transduction in glioblastoma and its significance for immunotherapy
Glioblastoma is regarded as one of the most aggressive central nervous system(CNS)tumors in a-dults and has received minimal attention in recent decades;despite significant advancement in immunotherapy as a treatment option for various tumors,progress on glioblastoma is minimal.The failure to augment significant treatment advancement could be attributed to the immune signal network in the glioblastoma microenvironment,rendering targeted immunotherapy less effective.This review focuses on the butterfly effect of immune signal transduction in the glioblasto-ma microenvironment,offering a step-by-step analysis toward a comprehensive approach to glioma treatment.