The research progress on the activation mechanism of γδ T cells
γδ T cells are a unique subset of T cells that do not rely on major histocompatibility complex(MHC)molecules.They can rapidly recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous stress-induced ligands,initiating adaptive immune responses.γδ T cells play a crucial role in immune defense,capable of both promoting inflammatory responses and inhibiting excessive immune reactions to maintain immune system balance.They are also essential in bridging innate and adaptive immunity,mediating the killing of target cells through various pathways,and participating in the immune regulation of multiple diseases,including infections,cancer,and neurological disorders.Currently,the understanding of the activation mechanisms of γδ T cells remains incomplete.This review summarizes the classification and receptor structure of γδ T cells,with a focus on several common activation mechanisms,including phosphoantigen in collaboration with butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like activating Vy9V82 T cells,cytokine-mediated activation path-ways,antigen-dependent activation pathways,and co-stimulatory molecule interaction-mediated activation pathways.In-depth research on the activation mechanisms of γδ T cells will help elucidate their diverse functions in immune re-sponses,providing a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of related diseases.
γδ T cellsReceptor activationSingle-cell sequencing technology
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