Current status and prospects of experimental research on prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men,with prognosis closely related to disease stage.Current treatments primarily focus on androgen receptor pathway inhibition,but the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer poses challenges to traditional therapies.In recent years,studies on the tumor microenvironment and novel targeted drugs(such as AR-degrading PROTAC drugs)have offered new therapeutic hopes.Meanwhile,abnormalities in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway are considered major drivers of prostate cancer progression,and therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway are under ex-ploration.Additionally,immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and other traditional treatments has provided new directions for castration-resistant prostate cancer by enhancing immunogenic cell death and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment.Future research should focus on molecu-lar mechanism analysis,precision medicine,and individualized treatment to bring further breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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