城市住区空间形态复杂多样,不同形态下的住区室外热环境在时空维度上呈现出明显差异,而室外热环境品质直接影响居民的身心健康和建筑空调能耗.目前已有研究大多关注单一设计要素对住区热环境及热舒适度的影响,而本研究从建筑布局、建筑高度、开放程度三个方面,系统性探讨南方典型高密度住区的空间形态对室外热环境的综合影响.文中以深圳为代表性城市,根据局地气候区理论,以建筑密度、街巷高宽比、建筑高度、天空可视度等设计要素表征建筑布局、建筑高度、开放程度,从而提取两类密集型、两类开放型的典型真实住区形态.结合实测气象数据和计算模拟方法,通过对典型空间形态的住区热环境对比分析,揭示了空间形态设计要素对室外热环境的影响规律,其中,建筑高度是影响密集型住区热舒适度的关键指标,街巷高宽比和天空可视度则是影响开放型住区热舒适度的关键指标;研究进一步表明,现有四类典型住区室外空间均不能满足夏季热舒适需求,而仅从空间形态设计要素出发,无法实现昼夜住区热环境的同步改善,还需结合绿化、遮阳等设计策略.研究结果从室外热环境品质提升的视角,为南方高密度城市住区的规划与设计提供科学指引;可进一步集成于城市信息模型(City Information Model,CIM),为城市住区热环境评估、住区新建、更新改造等多种场景提供参考,也为CIM技术在建筑热环境优化决策中的应用奠定基础.
A Study of the Impact of Spatial Design on the Outdoor Thermal Environment in High-density Cities in Southern China
The spatial forms of urban residential areas are complex and diverse,and the outdoor thermal environment in different forms shows obvious differences in time and space dimensions,and the quality of outdoor thermal environment directly affects the physical and mental health of residents and the energy consumption of building air conditioning.Most of the existing studies focus on the influence of a single design factor on the thermal environment and thermal comfort of residential areas.This study systematically discusses the comprehensive influence of the spatial form of typical high-density residential areas in southern China on the outdoor thermal environment from three aspects:building layout,building height and openness.Taking Shenzhen as a representative city,according to the theory of local climate zone,this paper uses design elements such as building density,height-to-width ratio of streets and lanes,building height and visibility of the sky to represent building layout,building height and openness,so as to extract two types of typical real residential areas with intensive and open features.Combined with the measured meteorological data and calculation and simulation methods,through the comparative analysis of the thermal environment of residential areas with typical spatial forms,the influence law of the design elements of spatial forms on the outdoor thermal environment is revealed,in which the building height is the key index affecting the thermal comfort of intensive residential areas,and the height-width ratio of streets and lanes and the visibility of the sky are the key indexes affecting the thermal comfort of open residential areas.The research further shows that the outdoor space of four typical residential areas can't meet the demand of thermal comfort in summer,and it is impossible to improve the thermal environment of residential areas day and night only from the design elements of spatial form,and it is necessary to combine the design strategies such as greening and shading.The research results provide scientific guidance for the planning and design of high-density urban residential areas in southern China from the perspective of improving the quality of outdoor thermal environment.It can be further integrated into the City Information Model(CIM),providing reference for various scenarios such as urban residential thermal environment assessment,new residential construction and renovation,and laying a foundation for the application of CIM technology in building thermal environment optimization decision-making.
residential areaoutdoor thermal environmentlocal climate zoneCFD simulationspatial and temporal characteristics
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
