A New Interpretation of"Huren"and"Jiazhang"in Qin and Han Dynasties Based on Bamboo Slips Materials——Also on the National Governance of the Grassroots Family in Qin and Han Dynasties
As seen in bamboo slips,during Qin and Han dynasties,"Huren"was the legal subject of land,house and title of nobility,as well as the owner of private slaves listed in the household register.Through"Huren",the official authorities could manage the grass-roots families.Meanwhile,in legal edicts,"Jiazhang"was also a specifically legal identity,which was different from the traditional meaning of this word such as"patriarch"."Jiazhang"needed to undertook the due obligations of declaring and scrutinizing household taxes to the government,and was jointly and severally liable.Both"Huren"and"Jiazhang"were the legal titles given by the government to the managers of households during the process of national governance of the grassroots family.Whether the compulsory policy"Divided Household(Fenyi Ling)"or the flexibility system of'Granting Homestead(Ming Tianzhai Zhi)",have contributed to the formation of the small families mode in the grass-roots level,which have also led to the convergence of"Huren"and"Jiazhang".
Qin and Han DynastiesHurenJiazhangGovernance of the Grassroots SocietyPrivate SlavesCensus Register
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