"Tongke"and the Transfer Mechanism of Officials in the Early Han Dynasty——Centered on Zhangjiashan Han Bamboo Slips Gongling
Within"Gongling"in the Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips,"tongke(通课)"denotes the joint assessment of accomplishments involving two or more categories of officials.In the early Han Dynasty,only officials of equal rank,whose annual salary were below 600 dan(石),were eligible for"tongke".Depending on circumstances,there were different procedures of"tongke",such as"petitioning submissions"or"presenting achievements"to superior 2000 dan officials,"transferring accomplishments"to other 2000 dan officials,or"presenting achievements"to superior county magistrates.To a certain degree,"tongke"tackled the challenge of the assessments of official transfer among distinct administrative systems,which included central government,local governments and princely states.Furthermore,"tongke"could also help officials whose duty station were far away from his register place.
Zhangjiashan Han Bamboo SlipsGonglingTongkeTransfer Mechanism of Officials
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