On the Cultural Evolution of the Image of Zhang Ling,the Founder of Daoism
Daoism originated from Huming/Heming Mountain(鹄鸣山/鹤鸣山)in western Sichuan.With the absorption of the pre-Qin Daoist doctrine,Zhang Ling created Daoist books and established"wudoumi Daoism(五斗米道)".He was first recorded in San Guo Zhi,with quiet brief historical information.Later,Huayang Guo Zhi and Hou Han Shu continued to add historical materials about him,but his image was still vague.Daoism flourished in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,Shenxian Zhuan and Wei Shu has presented a fuller image of him,which changed from a historical figure to a religious immortal,and Zhang was constructed as tianshi(天师)and the founder of Daoism.
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