目的 探讨脑卒中失能患者营养不良的影响因素和预测模型。 方法 收集符合标准的脑卒中失能患者373例，采集患者的相关信息，根据是否发生营养不良分为营养不良组(271例)和对照组(102例)，进行单因素相关分析和多因素Logistic回归分析，采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析相关因素对营养不良的预测价值。 结果 共有271例患者(72.7%)发生营养不良。单因素分析显示，年龄、是否吞咽困难、是否肺部感染、失能评分、进食方式可能与发生营养不良有关(P<0.05)；多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄大、肺部感染、吞咽困难、摄入总量少、Barthel指数分值低是脑卒中失能患者营养不良的危险因素(P<0.05)，应用鼻胃管管饲法(NGT)辅助进食的患者发生营养不良的风险远高于应用间歇经口至食管管饲法(IOE)辅助进食的患者(P<0.05)；ROC曲线分析提示，Barthel指数联合吞咽困难预测营养不良能力的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.840，灵敏度为87.8%，特异度为72.5%。 结论 脑卒中失能患者年龄、肺部感染、吞咽困难、进食途径、摄入总量、失能评分是其营养不良的影响因素，Barthel指数联合吞咽困难对是否发生营养不良有较好的预测作用。 Objective To analyze the risk factors for malnutrition among disabled stroke survivors and devise a prediction model. Methods A total of 373 disabled stroke survivors treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in 2021 formed a control group (n=102) and a malnutrition group (n=271) according to their nutritional status. Univariate correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for malnutrition and their predictive value. Results Age, dysphagia, pulmonary infection, disability score and feeding style were found to be related significantly to the occurrence of malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that age, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, low total intake and a low Barthel index were useful predictors of malnutrition in such persons. Moreover, patients who had received nasogastric tube feeding were at much higher risk of malnutrition than those with intermittent oroesophageal tube feeding. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the Barthel index combined with dysphagia to predict malnutrition was 0.84. The critical value was 0.67 with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 72.5%. Conclusions Age, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, feeding method, total intake and disability score are risk factors for malnutrition in disabled stroke survivors. The Barthel index combined with dysphagia has good predictive power for the occurrence of malnutrition in such persons.
Analysis of risk factors and a predictive model of malnutrition in disabled stroke patients
Objective To analyze the risk factors for malnutrition among disabled stroke survivors and devise a prediction model. Methods A total of 373 disabled stroke survivors treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in 2021 formed a control group (n=102) and a malnutrition group (n=271) according to their nutritional status. Univariate correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for malnutrition and their predictive value. Results Age, dysphagia, pulmonary infection, disability score and feeding style were found to be related significantly to the occurrence of malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that age, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, low total intake and a low Barthel index were useful predictors of malnutrition in such persons. Moreover, patients who had received nasogastric tube feeding were at much higher risk of malnutrition than those with intermittent oroesophageal tube feeding. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the Barthel index combined with dysphagia to predict malnutrition was 0.84. The critical value was 0.67 with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 72.5%. Conclusions Age, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, feeding method, total intake and disability score are risk factors for malnutrition in disabled stroke survivors. The Barthel index combined with dysphagia has good predictive power for the occurrence of malnutrition in such persons.
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