摘要
北魏前期官僚行政體制的發育程度較低,中央官僚機構雖在名義上采用華夏官制的官位名號與統屬關係,但尚未完成政務與事務的初步分工.這導致尚書系統在道武、明元年間廢置不定,尚書諸曹在太武帝時穩定爲兼負政務與事務工作的形態,中央曹署機構的組織架構因此呈現出"趨同性"與"扁平化"的演變特徵.在拓跋行政傳統的塑造下,北魏前期還形成了"雙軌制"的曹署内部官職序列與運作模式,曹署主官和派駐性官職彼此分立,各有分工.上述"雙軌制"運作模式的定型,亦發生於太武帝時期,反映了這一時期皇帝對中央官僚機構控御能力的增强.
Abstract
In the early Northern Wei Dynasty,the bureaucratic administrative system was relatively underdeveloped.Although the central bureaucracy nominally adopted the official titles and affiliations of Huaxia official system,it had not completed the preliminary division of administrative decision and administrative affairs which led to the disestablishment of the imperial secretariat from Emperor Daowu to Mingyuan and the stable form of the imperial secretariat acting as both administrative decision and administrative affairs in the reign of Emperor Taiwu.Therefore,the organizational structure of the central government section showed the characteristics of"isomorphism"and"flattening".Under the Tuoba's administrative convention,in the early Northern Wei Dynasty,a"dual-track system"of posts and operation mode inside section was formed,in which the chief officer of the section and the accredited officer had their own division of labor respectively.This"dual-track"mode of operation also settled during the reign of Emperor Taiwu,reflecting the emperor's increased control over the central bureaucracy.
基金项目
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20230125)
万方数据